Media and Education Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media and Education - Personal Statement Example This report declares that there are diverse ways in which students at the college level can be able to practice serious reflections. Students should practice reflection by not utilizing internet while carrying out their assignments. They should learn to reflect on what they had learned during their class time and apply in their assignments. Assignment being part of the learning process should be given after a lecturer has tackled the topic. This will enable students think and reflect what they have been taught, and handle their tasks well. Use of technological devices such as calculator should be avoided and enable the students to reflect, think critically on tasks, and tackle them effectively. Simulation mode of study should be employed in colleges; these modes of study allow the student to apply what they had acquired during classroom and apply in an environment similar to the actual environment. This paper makes a conclusion that technology has rendered communities incapable to think and reflect rationally. Technology has come up with ways of doing things in shortcut and does not pose a challenge to individuals. Student are the ones affected most, with the presence of internet and communication system, it leads in students utilization of technology more than carrying out tasks on their own. For instances, mathematics are calculated using calculator instead of a student to think critically and reflects on what they were taught in class. Technology also has harbored individual’s creativity as most of the activities are carried through internet.

The Major League Baseball Players Association Essay Example for Free

The Major League Baseball Players Association Essay The Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) is the union of professional baseball players in the major league. The Association plays the role of collective bargaining for all major league players and it is also the representative for players that need salary arbitration. Like any other union, MLBPA defends the rights of its members and functions in order to protect the players’ best interest. One of the attributions of the MLBPA is that of making sure that the conditions for playing are in accordance with the Association’s safety guidelines. A union of professional baseball players was necessary for promoting the interests of the players and so unions acting in the benefit of professional players were created almost from the very beginning of the history of baseball as a sport. MLBPA does not represent the first union of baseball players, as previous attempts included the Brotherhood of Professional Baseball Players (founded in 1885), Players Protective Association (1900), Fraternity of Professional Baseball Players of America (1912), or American Baseball Guild (1946) (Major League Baseball Players Association, 2007). The basis of MLBPA was set by the formation of the American Baseball Guild which was created by labor lawyer Robert Murphy (Haupert, 2003). The major change that was the outcome of the Guild was that the standard labor contract of players was changed in the benefit of the players since before this change the contracts were very much dictated by owners (Haupert, 2003). Although the Guild was unsuccessful in forming a union, it did bring a great deal of change in the way players’ contracts and rights were being handled. MLBPA is currently the baseball players’ organization and the outcome of this association is the result of the changes that took place in the unionization of baseball players. The union was formed in 1954, but it â€Å"remained in the background until the players hired Marvin Miller in 1966 to head the organization† (Haupert, 2003). This was the decisive step in the future of the union of baseball players. Miller was a former negotiator for the US steel workers and this experience was used with success in the interest of baseball players (Haupert, 2003). The leadership of Marvin Miller and his influence was very usefull for the interest of MLBPA. His skills turned out to exceed those of the owners as he managed to change the rules of the game and represent the players in gaining what was theirs. He managed to control the power that owners had on the players and trough his tough practices to make the opinion of players matter in matters of trade and such (Rockford). Miller’s leadership had a great impact on the unionization of baseball players as his lead brought the most important changes in the life of professional baseball players. Marvin Miller retired in 1984 after managing to put an end to the reserve clause, to ensure the right of free movement from team to team, to gain a great raise in the salary of baseball players (Rockford). Other important changes that were conducted and influenced by Miller’s organizational skills referred to a greater implication of the union in labor disputes, to the creation of a pension fund sponsored mainly from percentages of television revenue. But the most important accomplishment of Miller’s leadership was that the union was recognized and also the right of players to be represented in negotiations by a collective organization was also recognized (Rockford). Marvin Miller is responsible for making baseball a business profitable both for owners and players. The current leader of MLBPA, Don Fehr, was hired by Miller in 1977 as general counsel and after the retirement of Miller he was chosen by the players to represent them as executive director of MLBPA (Haupert, 2003). Fehr’s influence was noticeable for following the policies of his predecessor, continuing the road chosen by Miller. Fehr’s accomplishments are shown in his role of negotiator in collective bargaining with major league owners and in â€Å"administering contracts, grievance arbitration, and pension and health care matters† (Schwarz, 2003). His mission leading the union was even harder that expected because he was replacing a legend, the man that built the union and that had lead it successfully for such a long time. Even so, Fehr was successful in leading the union and in defending the interest of the players. â€Å"The average salary of a major leaguer has gone from $ 185,000 in 1981 to $2. 47 million in 2005. † (Cooper, 2006) MLBPA managed to use the changes made by former unions or associations of professional baseball players and managed to become today the strongest sports union around. Under the leadership of only two, but strong leaders, MLBPA has progressed greatly and this progress is first of all attributed to the leaders that had always had a coherent policy and strong faith in their mission. Perhaps the key to the success of MLBPA is that its leaders have always tried to maintain a unity among the players and by keeping them together and focused on a common goal, they could accomplish the major growth in the baseball industry. Bibliography: Cooper, J. J. , 25 for 25: Don Fehr, July 18, 2006, available at http://www. baseballamerica. com/today/majors/25thanniversary/print261957. html; Haupert, Michael. The Economic History of Major League Baseball. EH. Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. August 27, 2003. available at http://eh. net/encyclopedia/article/haupert. mlb; History of the Major League Baseball Players Association, available at http://mlbplayers. mlb. com/pa/info/history. jsp; Major League Baseball Players Association, 2007, available at http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Players_Association; Rockford, Warner Oliver, Marvin Miller, available at http://www. baseballlibrary. com/baseballlibrary/ballplayers/M/Miller_Marvin. stm; Schwarz, Alan, One on One: Don Fehr, July 1, 2002, available at http://www. baseballamerica. com/today/features/fehr070102. html;

Greek Colonization in the Archaic Period

Greek Colonization in the Archaic Period Identify and Discuss the Main Elements Stimulating the Spread of  Greek Colonies During the Archaic Period Introduction Between around 800 and 500[1] the Greek states embarked upon a widespread colonisation movement; by the 6th century Greek colonies were scattered throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea. It was as a direct result of this colonisation movement that Greek culture was disseminated to Africa, Asia and Southern Europe, it was a movement that changed the economic and cultural history of the whole region (Bradley, 1988, 20). Motivation for Colonisation It is often assumed, based upon the original claim of Thucydides, and recently exemplified by Sealey (1976, 31), that colonisation was a direct result of land hunger[2] caused by overpopulation of the mother city and a lack of local resources to feed burgeoning numbers. He claims support for this idea can be found in the foundation of Cyrene (Herodotus 4.150-158). The colonists were sent out by Thera after a period of famine, but this does not at all support the idea that colonists were sent out by overpopulated cities, but that some colonies wee the result of natural disaster. The theory of exploding population as a direct cause for much of the colonisation movement can easily be defeated; the assumption of increasing numbers comes from the archaeological evidence for greater numbers of graves in places like Attica and the Argolid (Cawkwell, 1992, 57). Athens, however, sent out no colonies before the end of the 7th century and Argos none at all. The archaeological evidence also suggests that the number of burials declined in the 7th century implying a population decrease, if the logic is followed through, during the period when Athens sent out here colony. It would be unsafe to assume one without the other. What the archaeology is most likely giving us evidence of is a change in fashion through the archaic period. Alleviating pressure on the available lad was almost certainly one motivation, but this would have been as a result of some natural disaster, such as the drought on Thera mentioned above (Herodotus 4.150-158; cf. Sealey, 1976, 31). Towards the beginning of the last century, it was believed that at most sites in the west, notably in Sicily, Greek pottery had been imported by natives before the colonists arrived. From this it was reasonable to infer that trade was an important and perhaps decisive factor in the colonising movement (Bury Meiggs, 1994, 70): this assumption has long been disputed, however. The current balance of archaeological opinion is that there is no certain evidence of trade with Sicily before the colonists arrived (Bury Meiggs, 1994, 70). There is little doubt, however, that trade was a very significant factor in the colonisation of the Mediterranean, as exemplified by the foundation of Naucratis in Egypt (Herodotus 2.178); it was traders who knew of the most advantageous places to settle and trading links were maintained with the mother city (Sealey, 1976, 31; cf. Murray, 1980, 107). Who were the colonists? As noted above, traders often formed part of the population of many of the colonies, or at the very least colonists would have been relying heavily on information supplied by traders (Murray, 1980, 107). It should further be noted that the two earliest known colonies, Al Mina and Pithecusae,[3] were both established as trading posts (Bury Meiggs, 1994, 70). Murray argues (Murray, 1980, 108), however, that in general terms trade tended to be a consequence of colonial activity and not its main driving force and thus the main constituents of a colony were almost always farmers and craftsmen looking for what can only be described as a better like. The colonies always were intended to be self sufficient and so members of a colonising expedition were made up of all classis and trades (Hammond, 1959, 114). In the larger colonies, settlers tended to come in several waves, the latter settlers tending to be of lower status in the colony and being known as epoikoi (Hammond, 1959, 114). Which cities colonised? Many Greek city states and islands participated in the colonising movement, including Chalcis in Euboea, Corinth (for colonisation of Corcyra, Strabo 6.2.4), Megara, Rhodes, Crete most of whom founded colonies in Sicily. Southern Italy was colonised largely by the Achaen states of the northern Peloponnese such as Sybaris and Croton (Sealey, 1976, 32). In the Northen Aegean area, the three pronged peninsula that became known as the Chalcidide was so called because of the many foundations from Chalcis, some in that region were also from Andros. The Bosphorus area was colonised by Megara and many colonies in the Black Sea came from the Ionian Greek states such as Miletus (Sealey, 1976, 33). It is perhaps more notable as to which states did not participate in the colonisation movement In any significant way, Sparta only founded one colony at Tarentum (Sealey, 1976, 32-3). in Southern Italy, and Athens likewise only founded o single colony whilst Argos founded none at all. A comprehensive list of all Greek foundations in the Archaic period can be found in Hammond, 1959, 657-660. Which areas were colonised? The first wave of Greek colonisation was felt most strongly in Sicily (Thucydides 6.1ff) and slightly later, southern Italy. After this initial burst of activity, the islands and promontories of the northern Aegean and along the coast of Macedon and Thrace were settled. The entrance to the Black Sea was colonised in the early 7th century and the Black Sea region probably at some point after that, although the dating for this is far from certain. North Africa seems to have been the focus of settlement activity in the mid 7th century with Cyrene being founded around 630. Around 600 the Phoenicians established a number of colonies in southern France,[4] and in Spain[5] (Murray, 1980, 104). The colonisation movement essentially ended in 580, geographically the best sites had all been occupies by then and the only significant remaining area in the Adriatic was had a barren and inhospitable coastline (Murray, 1980, 104). What was the relationship to the mother city? When the primary colony of a city state itself founded a subsidiary colony, it was common to invite a citizen from the mother state as oikistes and transplanted the same institutions: for example, the Corcyreans founded Epidamnus under the leadership of a Corinthian. We also know that Sparta’s foundation, Taras, had a college of ephors; and Euesperides, a colony of Cyrene, both ephors and a gerousia (Hammond, 1959, 112). The sense of kinship with the founding colony was, therefore, exceptionally strong. The attachment was no doubt because of a sense of debt and gratitude felt by the colonists towards the mother city for organising the settlers in the first place. As noted above, however, colonies were intended to by self sufficient and once they were firmly established the cord was cut. It was a symbol of the independence of the colony that it worshipped not its founding city, but its oikistes, even if he was of alien origin as at Epidamnus (Hammond, 1959, 112). Some privilege s were occasionally extended to the foundress, such as a request to arbitrate a dispute, but they were also frequently offered to other cities also. The relationship between founder and colony did not always remain friendly after the colony essentially became independent, the best possible example of this being the complex dispute between Corinth, Corcyra and Epidamnus that led to the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War (Rhodes, 2006, 82ff). Conclusion The Greek colonisation movement had no single individual cause, it was partly the result of land hunger caused by natural disaster in some city states, almost certainly the result of expansion in some states, the result of a desire for trade revenues by some. Colonies were always intended to be independent and not simply an extension of the home city so the motivation of colonisation is hard to fathom unless we realise that it was usually not the city that was the driving force behind the desire to settle abroad but probably the main driving force came from citizens rather than it states. Individual citizens largely drove colonisation no doubt seeking a tract of land for themselves and their children, something they may never have been able to achieve in their home state. Most city states took part in the colonisation movement, but a number of the most powerful, Athens, Sparta and Argos, did not; so we can reasonably assume that colonisation did not add greatly, if at all, to the military or economic strength, or perhaps even prestige of the founding city again supporting the view that the movement was largely from citizens rather than states. Bibliography P. Bradley, Ancient Greece: Using Evidence (London 1988) J. B. Bury R. Meiggs, A History of Greece (London 1994) G. Cawkwell, Early Colonisation, CQ 1992 N. G. L. Hammond, A History of Greece to 322 BC (Oxford, 1959) O. Murray, Early Greece (Glasgow 1980) P. J. Rhodes, A History of the Classical Greek World, 478-323BC (Oxford 2006) R. Sealey, A History of the Greek City States: 700-338 BC (London 1976) 1 Footnotes [1] All dates are BC unless otherwise stated. [2] Argument of Thucydides in Bury Meiggs, 1994, 70. [3] Both established before 750. [4] e.g. Massalia. [5] e.g. Emporion.

The Cognitive Revolution and Scientific Study of Psychology Essay

The cognitive revolution in psychology was a period during the 1950’s and 1960’s which involved radical changes to two major concepts in psychology which are consciousness and causality. It was also a period that saw to the abolishment of traditional science values of dichotomy and the worship of atomisation in science, replacing reductive micro deterministic views of personhood with holistic top-down view (Overskeid, 2008) The aim of this essay is to give an account of what constitutes the cognitive revolution, and also assess the contributions that the cognitive revolution has made to the scientific study of psychology. The cognitive revolution represents a diametric turn around in the century’s old treatment of mind and consciousness in science, such as the contents of conscious experience, whose subjective qualities were being discarded as mere causal epiphenomena (Sperry 1993). This paradigm shift brought with it alternative beliefs about the ultimate nature of things thereby bringing forth new answers to some of humanities deepest questions. The key assumption of cognitivism is that people have different mental states each of which can lead to a different response. The manipulation of these different states can be described in terms of algorithms all of which has become the defining paradigm of psychology (Sperry 1993) One major contribution that cognitivism had on the study of psychology as a science came in the form of psychological theories. It returned the conditioning theory as well as comparative psychology back to a position where they recognized the there were a number of qualitative differences between the psychological processing of humans and animal (Greenwood, 1999). This is as a result of the empirical prob... ...an Psychology. American psychologist, 47(2), 308-318 Robins R.W, Gosling S.D & Craik R.H (1999) An Empirical Analysis of Trends in Psychology. American psychologists, 54,(2), 117-128 Vosniadou S. (1996) TOWARDS A REVISED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY FOR NEW ADVANCES IN LEARNING AND INSTRUCTION. Learning and instruction,6( 2), 95-109. Sperry R. (1993) The Impact and Promise of the Cognitive Revolution. American Psychologist 48 (8) 878-885 Overskeid, Geir. (2008, January 1). They should have thought about the consequences: the crisis of cognitivism and a second chance for behavior analysis The Free Library. (2008). Retrieved January 01, 2011 from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/They should have thought about the consequences: the crisis of...-a0175445637 Newell, A., Shaw, J. C., & Simon, H. (1958). Elements of a theory of problem solving. Psychological Review, 84, 231–259.

A Meaningful Place to You

A dream made into reality. That is how I perfectly describe Disneyland in Florida. As far as I know, this is the only Disneyland which is called the Walt Disney World. Maybe because it is the biggest Disneyland among the rest of those situated in other places like Japan, Hong Kong and Los Angeles.This place is indeed a meaningful place for me because it is the fruit of my labor. I earned hard to be in this place. My visit to this place also proves my confidence being there without any of my family members. This is a dream come true for me because I made a meaningful experience out of my meaningful sacrifices just to get there.Set in Orlando, Florida the Walt Disney World is different from other Disneyland theme parks that I've been in. All of my trips to Disneyland in Japan, Los Angeles and Hong Kong were all planned by my parents.I've been there without any friend or girlfriend because it calls out for family affairs only. I can say that I also enjoyed being in those places because I am with my dear family but my experience at Walt Disney World Florida is a gargantuan event because I went there without asking any help from my family.What is really exciting about my trip there is that I was with friends of my age. It is also a romantic experience because I was with my beloved girlfriend which is also a dream come true for me to be with her on that very special place.It was very easy for me to ask permission from my mom and dad to visit Disneyland, Florida. I just give them an assurance that I will take care of myself and not to get into any troubles while staying there with mu friends and girlfriends. It was indeed a happy journey heading towards the place.Visiting Disneyland made our friendship even tighter and my relationship with my girlfriend even lovelier. We arrive there early because it was really a huge place to visit. There are four renowned theme parks and two water parks to visit. Aside from that there are golf courses, hotels and other establishment s that made way for our enjoyments.The first theme park that we went to is the Magic Kingdom. Here, we were able to see Disney characters and the Cinderella Castle which became my girlfriend's favorite. I am really happy to see her smiling all the time that we were in the Magic Kingdom. There are also rides which we all enjoyed riding from one ride to another.Then we proceed to the Epcot. It is the second theme park in Disneyland, Florida which s divided into 2 beautiful sections the World Showcase and the Futuristic World. We enjoyed viewing the futuristic world because it shows how the future will look like. It displays advancement that will happen in the future.How life will look like years from now that will improve people's way of living. World Showcase on the other hand shows other nations and their culture, entertainment, food, attractions and many more. It is like traveling out of the country and going to countries like China, Mexico, Italy, Germany and many more.Before goin g to the next theme park, we decided to eat first. I am proud to say that being in that place made me feel more proud of myself. This is because I went there with my own savings and without any cent from my parents.It was a meaningful place because I am the one who organized our trip to that place and it was really a success. I even missed out one dear friends birthday because of going there but I'm sure he does understand why I wasn't able to join that special occasion.The next destination that we went to is the Hollywood Studios. It is a theme park that made us feel were in the movies too. We get to see amazing special effects from block buster movies and enjoyed rides which are really thrilling.We also went to the Disney's Animal Kingdom the fourth theme park in Disneyland, Florida. It is composed of real like animal figures and interactive rides. My girlfriend even got scared on dinosaur figures because of the safari ride which made dinosaurs come to life.There are also other at tractions in the Walt Disney World. There are water parks and golf courses within the vicinity of Disneyland Florida. There are also people who does surfing and skiing there.Night time comes and we got to see beautiful fireworks displays there. The fact that I was with my girlfriend that time made the moment really romantic. It was my very first time to see fireworks in the United States and I felt really happy. My hard work pays off because it is such a priceless moment being in that magical place.It was a dream come true to visit the place because it shows how confident I became going there without any family member with me. It also symbolizes our friendship and of course my great love for my girlfriend because I was able to spend moments with her in Disneyland. Until this time, whenever I get sad I just recall those times that I am at Disneyland, Florida and the memory makes me smile and smile all day. It represents a part of me because I was able to go there from my hard work an d my confidence.

Free Essays on Nixon

Richard Nixon’s Influence Upon Foreign Policy Foreign policy is the principle and activities that constitute the role of the United States in relation to the rest of the world. Foreign policy includes international matters, like participation in NATO, trade agreements, and maintaining peaceful relations with other countries. The primary goal of Foreign policy is National security because it holds the security of the United States, its citizens and their property. With Foreign policy the United States is able to keep international security and give economic aid to other countries. The head of Foreign policy is the President of the United States. The President has the power, granted by the Constitution, to be the commander in chief of all United States forces. He can enact treaties and meet with foreign leaders. Of our many presidents, Richard Milhous Nixon was considered to be an expert on Foreign policy. ( ) Nixon, our 37th president, was born in 1913 in Yorba Linda, California. He attended Duke University where he received a degree in Law. He served as a Congressman and Senator for his California district. Two years later in 1952, General Eisenhower chose Nixon, to be his running mate. As Vice President, Nixon took on major duties in the Eisenhower Administration. Much of his term was spent on trips abroad as a goodwill ambassador meeting with foreign leaders to discuss world problems, representing the President to Congress, and to help mend ties between opposing countries. He was also a target for anti-American protestors. One of Nixon’s most memorable trips was to the USSR, to help open a United States exhibition in Moscow. Escorted by Nixon, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev was taken through a model of an American kitchen. While walking through the kitchen both men began to discuss the relative merits of the United States and systems of Communism. This discussion would later o n be noted as the â€Å"Kitchen Debate.† ( ) In t... Free Essays on Nixon Free Essays on Nixon Richard Nixon’s Influence Upon Foreign Policy Foreign policy is the principle and activities that constitute the role of the United States in relation to the rest of the world. Foreign policy includes international matters, like participation in NATO, trade agreements, and maintaining peaceful relations with other countries. The primary goal of Foreign policy is National security because it holds the security of the United States, its citizens and their property. With Foreign policy the United States is able to keep international security and give economic aid to other countries. The head of Foreign policy is the President of the United States. The President has the power, granted by the Constitution, to be the commander in chief of all United States forces. He can enact treaties and meet with foreign leaders. Of our many presidents, Richard Milhous Nixon was considered to be an expert on Foreign policy. ( ) Nixon, our 37th president, was born in 1913 in Yorba Linda, California. He attended Duke University where he received a degree in Law. He served as a Congressman and Senator for his California district. Two years later in 1952, General Eisenhower chose Nixon, to be his running mate. As Vice President, Nixon took on major duties in the Eisenhower Administration. Much of his term was spent on trips abroad as a goodwill ambassador meeting with foreign leaders to discuss world problems, representing the President to Congress, and to help mend ties between opposing countries. He was also a target for anti-American protestors. One of Nixon’s most memorable trips was to the USSR, to help open a United States exhibition in Moscow. Escorted by Nixon, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev was taken through a model of an American kitchen. While walking through the kitchen both men began to discuss the relative merits of the United States and systems of Communism. This discussion would later o n be noted as the â€Å"Kitchen Debate.† ( ) In t...